the Assassin bug life cycle, where these bugs live, and where they come from
Assassin Bugs, as the name suggests, are interesting species that stab their prey before consuming it.
They’re voracious insect predators that can help keep your garden free from pests.
Found in many shapes and sizes, it’s difficult to recognize them due to the wide variety of body shapes they come in.
As nymphs, too, they are very visually similar to those other insects.
The only difference is that these bugs can deliver a nasty bite if disturbed. Let’s dive more into this species.
Assassin Bug Life Cycle
Immature Zelus Assassin Bug
What Are Assassin Bugs?
Assassin bugs are “true” bugs belonging to the family of Reduviidae that prey on other, smaller bugs.
Containing a wide variety of species, the names of these bugs come from the type of method they use to assassinate or kill their prey.
North America alone is home to over 150 of these.
Some common types of assassin bugs are the ambush bug or the wheel bug.
The various species have distinct bodies, but all of them have narrow heads and curved proboscis, which they use to stab their prey, inject a toxin and finally paralyze them.
Types of Assassin Bugs
Some common types of assassin bugs are:
Ambush bugs
As the name signifies, these assassin bugs kill their prey by lying in wait for an unsuspecting insect to get too close.
They have stout, chunky bodies with well-defined, large forelegs that are hooked in front.
They can vary in color from green to yellow, tan, dark brown, and sometimes patchy (like the Spined assassin bug).
This helps them effectively blend in with the flowers and stems on which they lie in wait. North America boasts around 30 species of ambush bugs.
Wheel Bugs
This is the most common species of assassin bug, comprising around 150 species in the family.
Their name comes from a spiky wheel or cog-like structure that is present on top of the insect’s thorax.
Wheel bugs are grey in color and feed on bees, caterpillars, aphids, and other insects.
Milkweed Assassin Bug
Kissing bugs
Kissing bugs are one insect you should stay away from! This species feeds on the blood of mammals, including humans and pets.
They mostly bite people in and around their mouths, giving them their names.
While the bite is not painful, it can transmit parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi, which cause Chagas disease.
Where Do They Live?
Assassin bugs are primarily tropical insects, but due to global warming, their habitat area has expanded to include some previously colder regions as well.
They are currently found in North and South America, all the way from Canada to parts of Latin America.
While no species have been found in Europe, favorable conditions do exist, and many people have suffered from diseases typically carried by the kissing bug.
They are generally found in vegetative areas. Some species of assassin bugs live in the soil.
Others can be found on plants, under bark, or in crevices in rocks. They can occasionally crawl indoors as well or in other farm structures like chicken coops.
What Do They Eat?
Assassin bugs feed on either of the two: either they are predators of invertebrates, or they are parasites of vertebrates.
Under the former, we have assassin bugs that eat caterpillars, soft-bodied insects, insect eggs, bees, thrips, aphids, and sometimes even lizards!
Under the latter, we have kissing bugs that feed exclusively on blood.
Common Assassin Bug
Assassin Bug Lifecycle
Assassin bugs are true bugs and hence go through 3 stages in their life. These are:
The egg stage
Female assassin bugs lay eggs on leaves, stems, or in soil crevices. The eggs hatch into wingless nymphs.
The nymph stage
The nymph stage goes through 5 instars. As an instar, the insect is still immature.
Nymphs will resemble the adults, but be smaller in size and, with each molt, develop more adult organs and features.
The adult stage
After the immature stages of wingless nymphs, the final molt results in a fully-frown adult assassin bug with dual wings.
There is no pupal stage.
Usually, they go through one or two generations in a year. For adults, overwintering depends on the species.
The Zelus regarding, for example, will go into overwintering as an adult. The Sinea diadema can overwinter in the egg stage.
Assassin Bug nymph
Can Assassin Bugs Fly?
Some species of assassin bugs, such as the ambush bugs, possess dual wings and can fly.
However, they are poor fliers and generally do not engage in flight.
They rely on swift movement and their bite as defense mechanisms. Most adult assassin bugs will not fly and, instead, walk rapidly if disturbed.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does assassin bugs live for?
Assassin bugs typically live for between one and three years, depending on their environment.
They reach adult size after about six months and will spend the rest of their lives searching for prey.
In captivity, they can live up to three years if cared for properly.
Generally speaking, assassin bugs in the wild don’t survive as long due to predators, lack of food sources, and other more hostile elements that reduce their lifespan significantly.
Where do assassin bugs lay eggs?
Assassin bugs lay eggs in the soil or in other plants and debris.
Usually, the female assassin bug will deposit her eggs on the leaves or stems of nearby plants.
Some species of assassin bugs are known to hide their eggs at the base of thorns.
It is believed that predators like birds struggle when they try to reach these areas and look for an easier food source, protecting the assassin bug eggs from becoming a snack.
How fast do assassin bugs grow?
Assassin bugs grow very quickly, reaching full adulthood in only two weeks after hatching. The lifespan of an assassin bug is very short, usually lasting just a few months.
During this time frame, their growth rate is accelerated, and they can reach up to 15mm in length.
They feed both on invertebrate prey and also on nectar from flowers. As they grow, assassin bugs molt their exoskeleton several times during each stage of development.