Why 18/6 instead of 24 hours for vegging?
The topic extends into a deeply rooted and specialized field of plant biology, and there many many different reactions that take place in the plant, whether it be in the day time or night time. Those reactions are equally important, there is not many places in the world where these plants grow naturally under 24 hours of light and 0 hours of darkness. So for thousands of years they have been genetically adapted to some degree of darkness.
My opinions: We need some kind of dark cycle to help balance the growth hormones, provide a rest period for the plant, and generally help "Harden" the plant for what's to come in flowering time. I do believe that when running 24/0 lights that this unnatural phenomena could spark the build-up of un-wanted growth hormones, ones that are the result of high stress, and no rest. For instance, I would not be surprised if this impacted the "genetically determined sex mechanism" and causes more genetic expressions in the forms of hermaphrodites, and males -- the ones who respond really well to stress? Those hardy males we talked about...
Not to mention, if using 24/0 light cycle, when switching to flower, it will take much longer for the plant to realize what is going on, and literally has to start from scratch to build up the flowering hormones during the night. I have run 24/0 on my ghetto closet grow, it was just a waste of electricity, and probably didn't do anything "extra special" to them. I believe that the dark reactions are very very important. They can also continue to synthesize sugar, as well as break down their own sugar during the night (cellular respiration), this internal harvesting of it's own built up carbohydrates is what I was referring to when I say we need a "balance" in the system, we need to get it "hardened" and adapted to the different situations in life, even from the very beginning.
I may have went a little bit off topic, but those are some of the first opinions I could think of as to why 18/6 is better than 24/0. GLR is another nifty routine that is definitely worth looking into, no point in paying for all that extra electricity for very little potential difference. It's one of the reasons I enjoy outdoor growing so much -- because it is natural. Just my two cents.