So I went into a mini rabbit hole about it because I was fascinated that they seem to have a level of organization to what they’re doing.
It’s a literal industry. There’s a few standard operating procedures they have. One is, a person or persons will come up with a spam/scam scheme. They’ll create a whole “package” filled with photos, links, websites, etc. for their scam. They will then setup a business in a loosely regulated place like India or some far flung Russian village. They will then employ people like regular 9-5 workers to sit at a computer and just spam this “package” all over the place hoping to get someone. They can make it worth it if they can get just one person a month, and they almost always do.
The other common way is even less intelligent. Instead of coming up with the “package” themselves, a “businessman” will purchase the “package” on the dark web or some other back channel. They will then turn around and again, setup a business in some random office building in some random country and they will employ people to use that purchased “package”
Then there’s the freelancers who will buy a package or create one and do it themselves.
This is why we see so many similar scams and schemes and why they seem to come in waves with very similar characteristics. It’s a billion dollar industry, because there are sad, and vulnerable people everywhere that are just dying to give their money away to someone that pretends to show interest. Some times it’s a rough situation you have pity for (like the lonely widow), others, you realize, you don’t have to be smart to have money (the horny middle aged person with loose beliefs and a large wallet)