Back dripping in what we crave! Krissi!a Krissi drought,, ha,, perfectly logical,,
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Back dripping in what we crave! Krissi!a Krissi drought,, ha,, perfectly logical,,
a Krissi drought,, ha,, perfectly logical,,
Much appreciated Niv, much good juju and vibes sent right back to you!gosh life is busy,, thank goodness indeed
peace and love sent,, karma too
Wouldn't want to be doing anything else Stone!Back dripping in what we crave! Krissi!
Hi @Krissi1982, this is great news just a shame that I do not understand the professional expressions but it can catch up, but something I heard. I just thought that stressing dry does until the end of growth and not that the beginning?Like I said guys and gals, I'm not about to go through all of these comments as you all handled everything better than I ever could have myself in my absence.
Instead, I'd like to just throw out the significance of what we are doing here. The illumination of a dark cannabis sky, opening up opportunities for medicinal optimism as we battle this war on pain, both emotionally and physically.
Droughting is making moves. The ocean is talking and researching and we are right in the midst of it all. We are the pioneers, the evolutionists, the theorists, the scientists, the movers and the growers.
It is no secret that this is a hard stressor on a plant. No one is saying that you would never overkill a plant and cause it to hermie. No one is saying that under different environmental and growing conditions in different mediums, that the chance for plant morbidity is off the table. No one is saying this is the right way and no one is saying this is the only way to increase cannabinoid profiles. No one is saying that a fantastic regular grow doesn't offer up some killer buds that would couch lock a novice. What we are saying here is let's figure this out together. What we are saying is after our own experiments and experiences, we are seeing and feeling it's benefits.
I want to hit on that. The feeling of it.
I see this often here, a lot of people open to the idea but turned off because they say well I SEE my plants and they look just as good as yours...in more words or less..
In fact they do and I bet they look 100% better from afar too around week 8 of flower than ours do. What I don't bet, is that if you hit a droughted smoke and then hit a non droughted smoke, that you would have the same cerebral and physiological effects.
This technique is a game changer.
I researched some stuff early this morning just wanting to enlighten the masses to the extent this droughting technique is reaching. To see the questions it is bringing up. To see the research worldwide that has began documenting not just abiotic stressors but droughting, in particular.
Studies, plural, that are showing the effects of droughting on our cannabinoid profiles and that this abiotic stress shows more of a significant change in terpene and other profiles than any other stressor that came before it.
Few different excerpts from a few different reads. One in which discusses the heavy stress that droughting takes on a plant and its ability to photosynthesize and precautionary measures that should be taken to help ensure the plants overall "fitness" as @Maritimer likes to call it, (i.e adding unicanazole to hempy grows to help roots handle the drought)
Salute....
In general, environmental conditions, including different types of stresses, are known to affect secondary metabolism in plants. Numerous studies, generated on various plants, have shown that terpenes are affected by various environmental factors such as drought, temperature fluctuations or pathogen attack; which rearrange the biosynthesis and emission of the terpenes (Block et al., 2019, Kopaczyk et al., 2020, Mahdavi et al., 2020, Zhou et al., 2020). The effect of abiotic environmental changes on cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis plants was relatively studied (Gorelick and Bernstein, 2017, Landi et al., 2019, Magagnini et al., 2018), however the effect of biotic stress on cannabinoid and terpene composition in cannabis plants was not studied yet.
To investigate the effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers, a hemp variety, Green-Thunder (5–8% CBD/mg of dry weight), was treated with mechanical damage, insect herbivory, extreme heat, or drought stress for 5–7 days during the first 2 weeks of flowering.
Three hemp tissues, including flowers, leaves, and stems, were collected from hemp grown under these stress conditions at multiple time points during the first 2 weeks after transition to the short photoperiod and analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography to quantify phytocannabinoids including cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabinol (CBN).
The 5 days of mechanical wounding did not affect the production of any of the cannabinoids during the initial stage of flowering. However, after 5 days of herbivore treatment, there was a significant difference in concentration between day 1 and day 6 of CBGA (control: 308 μg/g; treatment – 24 μg/g), CBG (control: 69 μg/g; treatment: 52 μg/g), and CBD (control: 755 μg/g; treatment: 194 μg/g) between the control and treatment plants. The 7 days of heat treatment at 45–50 oC significantly reduced the production of CBGA during this observed window (control: 206 μg/g; treatment: 182 μg/g) and CBG (control: 21 μg/g; treatment: − 112 μg/g). Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 μg/g; treatment: 622 μg/g), and a significant decrease (70–80%) in CBD (control: 1182 μg/g; treatment: 297 μg/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 μg/g; treatment: 580 μg/g).
Conclusions:
Although this observation is limited in the early flowering stage, the common field stresses are adequate to induce changes in the cannabinoid profiles, particularly drought stress being the most impactful stress for hemp flower initiation with the altering the cannabinoid production by decreasing CBD and THC accumulation while increasing CBG by 40%.
Uniconazole (S-(+)-uniconazole), a plant growth retardant, exerts key roles in modulating growth and development and increasing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms by which uniconazole regulates drought response remain largely unknown. Here, the effects of exogenous uniconazole on drought tolerance in hemp were studied via physiological and transcriptome analyses of the drought-sensitive industrial hemp cultivar Hanma No. 2 grown under drought stress.
Exogenous uniconazole treatment increased hemp tolerance to drought-induced damage by enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis capacity, regulating activities of enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and altering endogenous hormone levels.
Expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly regulated by uniconazole compared with that by control (distilled water) under drought stress. Numerous genes were differentially expressed to increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, regulate carbon–nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities, and alter endogenous hormone levels. Thus, uniconazole regulated physiological and molecular characteristics of photosynthesis, carbon–nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction to enhance drought resistance in industrial hemp.
Drought stress, an abiotic stress, has more important effects on crop yield and quality compared to other abiotic stresses, inducing a highly vulnerable state in plants.
Carbon metabolism must be tightly regulated to enhance drought resistance in plants by changing starch content, with extensive accumulation of soluble sugar and sucrose, and inverting sucrose catalyzed by sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS).
Nitrogen metabolism is closely related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism and is significant for plants adapting to environmental changes.
The activities of key enzymes involved in N metabolism may play a major role in plant photosynthetic adaptation under drought stress
Tolerance to drought stress is also manifested as increased levels of drought-responsive proteins and the expression of genes involved in signal transduction
Plants initiate a series of morphological, molecular, and physiological and biochemical changes such as hormone regulation and gene expression to tolerate drought stress.
It is thus vital to study the mechanisms underlying drought conditions in an effort to keep improving agricultural production
And so, we study....
Once again, I apologize for my absence
I don't understand most of it I have to look up things I look up.Hi @Krissi1982, this is great news just a shame that I do not understand the professional expressions but it can catch up, but something I heard. I just thought that stressing dry does until the end of growth and not that the beginning?
Wow, that looks incredible. When did you start stressing her with Sukhumi and how long did you stress her out? I'm sorry to ask, I'm quite interested when I publish your result.And oh yea, about them droughted buds...
NYC Diesel, Limelight (drought documented in March) now cured up
20220518_144142.jpg
Limelight
NYC DIESEL
20220518_144103.jpg
Limelight-Cross section
NYC Diesel
20220518_144018.jpg
Limelight
NYC Diesel
20220518_144012.jpg
Limelight
NYC DIESEL
It all starts hereWow, that looks incredible. When did you start stressing her with Sukhumi and how long did you stress her out? I'm sorry to ask, I'm quite interested when I publish your result.
Thanks Stone! Absolutely provides us with stepping stools to different tables of play in this droughting game. We have much to learn and offer I really firmly believe that!Nice find! I'm like most of us and understand some of the big numbers! Not exactly the science. Sticky looking buds there Krissi! The show a huge boost in some of what we're interested in! You're right, it's nice to get more heads in this. Thanks Krissi!
The 5 days of mechanical wounding did not affect the production of any of the cannabinoids during the initial stage of flowering. However, after 5 days of herbivore treatment, there was a significant difference in concentration between day 1 and day 6 of CBGA (control: 308 μg/g; treatment – 24 μg/g), CBG (control: 69 μg/g; treatment: 52 μg/g), and CBD (control: 755 μg/g; treatment: 194 μg/g) between the control and treatment plants. The 7 days of heat treatment at 45–50 oC significantly reduced the production of CBGA during this observed window (control: 206 μg/g; treatment: 182 μg/g) and CBG (control: 21 μg/g; treatment: − 112 μg/g). Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 μg/g; treatment: 622 μg/g), and a significant decrease (70–80%) in CBD (control: 1182 μg/g; treatment: 297 μg/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 μg/g; treatment: 580 μg/g).Like I said guys and gals, I'm not about to go through all of these comments as you all handled everything better than I ever could have myself in my absence.
Instead, I'd like to just throw out the significance of what we are doing here. The illumination of a dark cannabis sky, opening up opportunities for medicinal optimism as we battle this war on pain, both emotionally and physically.
Droughting is making moves. The ocean is talking and researching and we are right in the midst of it all. We are the pioneers, the evolutionists, the theorists, the scientists, the movers and the growers.
It is no secret that this is a hard stressor on a plant. No one is saying that you would never overkill a plant and cause it to hermie. No one is saying that under different environmental and growing conditions in different mediums, that the chance for plant morbidity is off the table. No one is saying this is the right way and no one is saying this is the only way to increase cannabinoid profiles. No one is saying that a fantastic regular grow doesn't offer up some killer buds that would couch lock a novice. What we are saying here is let's figure this out together. What we are saying is after our own experiments and experiences, we are seeing and feeling it's benefits.
I want to hit on that. The feeling of it.
I see this often here, a lot of people open to the idea but turned off because they say well I SEE my plants and they look just as good as yours...in more words or less..
In fact they do and I bet they look 100% better from afar too around week 8 of flower than ours do. What I don't bet, is that if you hit a droughted smoke and then hit a non droughted smoke, that you would have the same cerebral and physiological effects.
This technique is a game changer.
I researched some stuff early this morning just wanting to enlighten the masses to the extent this droughting technique is reaching. To see the questions it is bringing up. To see the research worldwide that has began documenting not just abiotic stressors but droughting, in particular.
Studies, plural, that are showing the effects of droughting on our cannabinoid profiles and that this abiotic stress shows more of a significant change in terpene and other profiles than any other stressor that came before it.
Few different excerpts from a few different reads. One in which discusses the heavy stress that droughting takes on a plant and its ability to photosynthesize and precautionary measures that should be taken to help ensure the plants overall "fitness" as @Maritimer likes to call it, (i.e adding unicanazole to non-soil grows to help roots handle the drought)
Salute....
In general, environmental conditions, including different types of stresses, are known to affect secondary metabolism in plants. Numerous studies, generated on various plants, have shown that terpenes are affected by various environmental factors such as drought, temperature fluctuations or pathogen attack; which rearrange the biosynthesis and emission of the terpenes (Block et al., 2019, Kopaczyk et al., 2020, Mahdavi et al., 2020, Zhou et al., 2020). The effect of abiotic environmental changes on cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis plants was relatively studied (Gorelick and Bernstein, 2017, Landi et al., 2019, Magagnini et al., 2018), however the effect of biotic stress on cannabinoid and terpene composition in cannabis plants was not studied yet.
To investigate the effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers, a hemp variety, Green-Thunder (5–8% CBD/mg of dry weight), was treated with mechanical damage, insect herbivory, extreme heat, or drought stress for 5–7 days during the first 2 weeks of flowering.
Three hemp tissues, including flowers, leaves, and stems, were collected from hemp grown under these stress conditions at multiple time points during the first 2 weeks after transition to the short photoperiod and analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography to quantify phytocannabinoids including cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabinol (CBN).
The 5 days of mechanical wounding did not affect the production of any of the cannabinoids during the initial stage of flowering. However, after 5 days of herbivore treatment, there was a significant difference in concentration between day 1 and day 6 of CBGA (control: 308 μg/g; treatment – 24 μg/g), CBG (control: 69 μg/g; treatment: 52 μg/g), and CBD (control: 755 μg/g; treatment: 194 μg/g) between the control and treatment plants. The 7 days of heat treatment at 45–50 oC significantly reduced the production of CBGA during this observed window (control: 206 μg/g; treatment: 182 μg/g) and CBG (control: 21 μg/g; treatment: − 112 μg/g). Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 μg/g; treatment: 622 μg/g), and a significant decrease (70–80%) in CBD (control: 1182 μg/g; treatment: 297 μg/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 μg/g; treatment: 580 μg/g).
Conclusions:
Although this observation is limited in the early flowering stage, the common field stresses are adequate to induce changes in the cannabinoid profiles, particularly drought stress being the most impactful stress for hemp flower initiation with the altering the cannabinoid production by decreasing CBD and THC accumulation while increasing CBG by 40%.
Uniconazole (S-(+)-uniconazole), a plant growth retardant, exerts key roles in modulating growth and development and increasing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms by which uniconazole regulates drought response remain largely unknown. Here, the effects of exogenous uniconazole on drought tolerance in hemp were studied via physiological and transcriptome analyses of the drought-sensitive industrial hemp cultivar Hanma No. 2 grown under drought stress.
Exogenous uniconazole treatment increased hemp tolerance to drought-induced damage by enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis capacity, regulating activities of enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and altering endogenous hormone levels.
Expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly regulated by uniconazole compared with that by control (distilled water) under drought stress. Numerous genes were differentially expressed to increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, regulate carbon–nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities, and alter endogenous hormone levels. Thus, uniconazole regulated physiological and molecular characteristics of photosynthesis, carbon–nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction to enhance drought resistance in industrial hemp.
Drought stress, an abiotic stress, has more important effects on crop yield and quality compared to other abiotic stresses, inducing a highly vulnerable state in plants.
Carbon metabolism must be tightly regulated to enhance drought resistance in plants by changing starch content, with extensive accumulation of soluble sugar and sucrose, and inverting sucrose catalyzed by sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS).
Nitrogen metabolism is closely related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism and is significant for plants adapting to environmental changes.
The activities of key enzymes involved in N metabolism may play a major role in plant photosynthetic adaptation under drought stress
Tolerance to drought stress is also manifested as increased levels of drought-responsive proteins and the expression of genes involved in signal transduction
Plants initiate a series of morphological, molecular, and physiological and biochemical changes such as hormone regulation and gene expression to tolerate drought stress.
It is thus vital to study the mechanisms underlying drought conditions in an effort to keep improving agricultural production
And so, we study....
Once again, I apologize for my absence
You are absolutely right. This is a study done in the beginning of flower. Again, posted to show the amount of talk drought has brought on. We have learned through the study we base our drought off of here currently, that droughting will increase levels in late flower as you noted. The reason being is that it isn't until this time in development that the plant ramps up it's overall production of terpenes and the like. Futile clearly, to be done earlier on in flower and seemingly detrimental rather than exponential to our flower if done too early as well.The 5 days of mechanical wounding did not affect the production of any of the cannabinoids during the initial stage of flowering. However, after 5 days of herbivore treatment, there was a significant difference in concentration between day 1 and day 6 of CBGA (control: 308 μg/g; treatment – 24 μg/g), CBG (control: 69 μg/g; treatment: 52 μg/g), and CBD (control: 755 μg/g; treatment: 194 μg/g) between the control and treatment plants. The 7 days of heat treatment at 45–50 oC significantly reduced the production of CBGA during this observed window (control: 206 μg/g; treatment: 182 μg/g) and CBG (control: 21 μg/g; treatment: − 112 μg/g). Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 μg/g; treatment: 622 μg/g), and a significant decrease (70–80%) in CBD (control: 1182 μg/g; treatment: 297 μg/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 μg/g; treatment: 580 μg/g).
nice...i held to a philosophy that drought stressing near end of life gave an esoteric value to the end product in the form of improved terpene, idk i saw it in what i thought was a valid publication. but i like this very much appreciated. please keep posting sciencey stuff
I'm not sure why we want more CGB, less CBD and less THC. CBG is the precursor cannabinoid to all the others as I understand it, so maybe it reverts to ramping up the original cannabinoid base and then allows the plant to convert the CBG to the others later?Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 μg/g; treatment: 622 μg/g), and a significant decrease (70–80%) in CBD (control: 1182 μg/g; treatment: 297 μg/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 μg/g; treatment: 580 μg/g).
I agree with this. We treat the study we are operating off of as some sort of gold standard when it appears to me to be a nice start, but well short of any definitive result. I'd have to go reread it for the specifics but there were limited strains, limited environments, small sample size, etc.I just found these excerpts great because people are trying to study this from all angles now and it really is becoming a major topic point in the scientific fields. We are going off one study. Just think what we can do bringing in information from all of these great studies!
And the english translation along side it...please keep posting sciencey stuff
I watch for the swell, most pistil should be brown & starts to cut back on waterSo, for those who have actively draughted, were there any consistencies in identifiable individual plant based metrics that could help target the jumping off point rather than the often stated 7th week?