yes and yes. Although I would like to see this done, I would not risk doing it during an ongoing grow, where the plants have been trained to lighting as it is on planet Earth, because a profound change like this would have to stress them in some way, and maybe it would freak them out to the point of hermaphroditic behavior. No, to do this right, you have to transport them to that other planet from start to finish, and then we could get a better idea of what a longer day could do all through the cycle, and since they grew up with this weird planetary alignment and adapted to it from the beginning, there would be no added stress... as far as they knew their odd situation would be normal. Its a shame you don't know anyone that has a couple thousand seeds laying around where a few might be accidentally swept into care package... but then again it would be interesting to compare two clones, one grown that way and its twin down here on Earth. You do have me intrigued.
Thousands of seeds I have, but getting them to others presents a challenge lol
In regards to your experiment, can’t help with other worldly day lengths, but you can extend your day light during flower with no ill effects. Outdoor and greenhouse growers do it all the time.
When using natural sunlight, wait until after June 21st, cover the plants with blackout fabric so they only get 12hrs light for 2 weeks. Then remove the covers and let them go. The 2 wks of 12/12 put them into flower and as long as the day time is under 15hrs, they will continue to flower.
I have also done this on an indoor grow, 2 wks 12/12 and then to 14/10 for the remainder of the grow with no problems.
This can also be done with light spectrums. Set your timer to 14 or 15 hrs of light, and shortly after lights out, give them a burst of 730nm light for a couple mins. Tricks the plant into thinking it received 12 hrs of darkness and flowering is initiated.
Daylight plants, like our favourite here, don’t care about how long the day is, but the length of the night. It has to do with a hormone in the plant that changes, like a trigger. It absorbs 680nm and below keeping it from flowering, but at night converts to a different form. When they receive 12hrs of darkness, this converted hormone is in greater abundance and initiates flowering.
If you want to delve deeper into the subject, do a google search for red/far red light and flowering.
RC